Pirfenidone 400 mg (Pirfenex)

Description

Pirfenidone 400 mg is a medication primarily used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It is available in various dosages, including the 400 mg tablets. This medication has antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for managing fibrotic lung diseases.

Mechanism of Action

• Antifibrotic Activity: Pirfenidone inhibits the synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a key mediator of fibrosis. By blocking this pathway, it helps reduce the formation of scar tissue in the lungs.
• Anti-inflammatory Properties: The drug also inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which play a role in the inflammatory processes associated with IPF.

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Indications

• Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): Pirfenidone is specifically approved for the treatment of IPF, a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by the thickening and scarring of lung tissue.
• Other Potential Uses: While primarily used for IPF, research is ongoing to explore its efficacy in other fibrotic diseases.

Pirfenidone 400 mg Dosage and Administration

• Standard Dosage: The typical dosage for adults is 800 mg (two 400 mg tablets) three times a day, with meals.
• Dose Adjustments: Dosage may need to adjuste base on liver function tests and patient tolerance. Starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it can help minimize side effects.
• Missed Dose: If a do is miss, it should take as soon as possible, unless it is close to the time for the next dose. Doubling up on doses is not recommend.

What are the Side Effects of Pirfenidone 400 mg?

• Common Side Effects:
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Fatigue
  • Skin reactions (e.g., rash, photosensitivity)
  • Loss of appetite
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Liver function abnormalities
  • Severe skin reactions
  • Angioedema (swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes and lips)

Precautions and Warnings

• Liver Function: Regular monitoring of liver enzymes is essential. If significant abnormalities are detecte, dose adjustment or discontinuation may be necessary.
• Photosensitivity: Patients should advise to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing to minimize the risk of photosensitivity reactions.
• Drug Interactions: Pirfenidone can interact with other medications, including fluvoxamine and ciprofloxacin, which may require dosage adjustments.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of pirfenidone during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well establish. It should be only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or infant.

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